Digital Image Processing Castleman PDF 79: The Ultimate Reference for Image Processing Algorithms an

The rapid rate at which the field of digital picture processing has grown in the past five years had necessitated extensive revisions and the introduction of topics not found in the original edition. Table of Contents Introduction. Mathematical Preliminaries. Visual Perception. Digitization. Compression. Enhancement. Restoration. Reconstruction. Index.

Working casts for cast posts, prepared using Gates Glidden drills, were collected. Impressions of post spaces were made using polyvinyl siloxan putty/wash technique. Digital camera with a 10' high quality lens was used for capturing two digital images for each impression; one in the Facio-Lingual (FL) and the other in the Mesio-Distal (MD) directions. Automated image processing program was developed to measure the degree of canal taper. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software and One way Analysis of Variance.

digital image processing castleman pdf 79

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Working casts of post crown cases, which were treated by 5th year dental students, were collected from the dental laboratory at the Dental Teaching Center of JUST. These cases included only the maxillary anterior teeth group and the maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth group. Dental students followed strictly the instructions on post preparations given by two clinical supervisors; who met and agreed on the technique before starting the study. The technique involved post preparations using simultaneous Gates Glidden drills to one size beyond the largest file size used for endodontic treatment. Only working casts for patients who received successful endodontic treatment by dental students at the dental health centre were selected. A sectional impression of each post space was taken using a polyvinyl siloxan putty/wash impression technique (3 M ESPE). The wash impression material was injected into the canal using A lentulo spiral drill along with a stainless steel wire. The wire was modified by making a loop at one end and the wire was roughened and tray adhesive (3 M ESPE tray adhesive) was added. The part of the impression, which was related to the post space, was cut out of the impression and then was labeled with the correspondent tooth, Figure 1. Sony XCL-U1000 camera with a 10 special high quality attachment lens was used for capturing two digital images of each canal space specimen; one for Facio-Lingual dimension (FL) and the other for the Mesio-Distal (MD) dimension. Each canal impression was placed on a radiology viewer box facing the digital camera, which was held on a stand in a position perpendicular to the line of sight from the canal impression position. Two experienced dentists watched and supervised the image acquisition process. Two specimens were randomly selected to serve as a control group; during the process of capturing the images of the specimens, the control group specimens were remounted for imaging in every 10 studied specimens. The images collected for the control group were processed independently to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition process. Duplicate measurements were obtained to measure the reliability of the examination using percent agreement, Kappa test, which revealed more than 95% agreement in the measurements of the control group.

The methodology for measuring taper was based on image processing techniques.. Unlike other studies, in which microscopic visual perception was utilized, this study used a fully automated innovative process to locate the taper region and hence measured the amount of taper with minimal human interaction. Such an approach guaranteed minimal inter- and intra-inspector variation.

AK participated in developing the methodology of the research, the clinical supervision of the selected cases, performed the experiment, and did the entire write up except the image processing technique part. AF performed the image processing technique section, the statistical analysis, and the relevant write up. HA provided the idea of this research, collected the cast and provided the required material for the experiment, and participated in the clinical supervision of the selected cases and developing the methodology of this research. 2ff7e9595c